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Faust is a tragic play in two parts that reworks the late medieval myth of a brilliant but disillusioned scholar who makes a deal with the devil. Faust is considered by many to be Goethe's masterpiece and the greatest work of German literature. Part I sets out Faust’s despair, his pact with Mephistopheles, and his love for Gretchen. Part II deals with Faust’s life at court, the wooing and winning of Helen of Troy, and his purification and redemption.

The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State is an 1884 treatise by Friedrich Engels. The work is partially based on notes by Karl Marx to Lewis H. Morgan's book Ancient Society and is regarded as one of the first major works on family economics. Engels argued that the traditional monogamous household was a recent construct, closely bound up with capitalism. He called it a patriarchal system in which women were servants and claimed that communism would herald the dawn of communal living and a new sexual freedom. The role of the state would then become superfluous.

"The Emperor’s Three Questions" is a parable of an emperor who seeks out a holy man for answers to questions he believes will help him to be a great ruler. Knowing that wisdom needs to be experienced, the holy man cannot just tell the emperor. The answers that unfold in the narrative will be better remembered.

Poor Richard's Almanack contained the calendar, astronomical and astrological information, poems, and sayings. In the spaces that occurred between noted calendar days, Franklin included proverbial sentences about industry and frugality. Franklin also included the occasional mathematical exercise, and the 1750 Almanack features an early example of demographics. It is mainly remembered, however, for being a repository of Franklin's aphorisms and proverbs, many of which live on in American English.

Al-Ghazālī's writings were meant to help man to live a life in accordance with the sacred law, and by doing so gain a deeper understanding of its meaning. Al-Ghazali believed in practical-ethical perfection and that by exercising his capacity for reason, man would be drawn to the spiritual alchemy that transforms the soul from worldliness to complete devotion to God. This alone, he believed, could produce ultimate happiness.

Basil Hall Chamberlain (1850-1935) was a professor of Japanese at Tokyo Imperial University. This is his translation of the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), which was compiled in AD 712 by Ō no Yasumaro at the request of Empress Genmei. One of the two primary sources of the Japanese national religion of Shinto, The Kojiki is a collection of myths, early legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts.

In Aristotle's Rhetoric, the philosopher identifies rhetoric as one of the three key elements of philosophy, along with logic and dialectic. According to Aristotle, logic is concerned with reasoning to reach scientific certainty while dialectic and rhetoric - because they are concerned with probability - are the branches of philosophy best suited to human affairs. Rhetoric is a tool for practical debate, a means for persuading a general audience to resolve practical issues using probable knowledge.

What Is to Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement (1902) is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin. Lenin contends that the working class will not become politically aware simply by struggling with employers over wages, hours and working conditions. He maintains that Marxists should form a political party of committed revolutionaries to spread Marxist political ideas among the workers.

Vladimir Lenin’s 1916 essay "Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism", is a synthesis of Lenin's development of economic theories that Karl Marx formulated in Das Kapital. It attempts to account for the increasing importance of the global market in the 20th century. Lenin contends that colonialism and the First World War were the consequences of the global spread of the capitalist economy.

In this work, Pascal draws an analogy between a man who was appointed king just because he resembled a long-lost king and those who are rich and powerful. He argues that the twists and turns of life are all due to chance and unforeseen events. The wealthy and powerful ought thus to despise desire and its kingdom and aspire to that kingdom of love in which all the subjects breathe nothing but love and desire nothing but the benefits of love.

Augustine of Hippo (354 - 430 AD) was an early Christian theologian and philosopher from North Africa whose writings influenced all of Western Christianity. Augustine's Confessions is one of the most influential works of Latin literature. Written in the last years of the fourth century AD during his early years as a bishop, the work reflects on his life and on the acts of remembering and recounting a life.

The Enchiridion is a collection of the most profound teachings of Epictetus (c. 55-135 AD), who taught that philosophy is a way of life and not just a matter of theory. The Enchiridion is a canonical text of Stoic philosophy, and contains all the fundamentals. Among them is the principle of not being concerned with that which is out of one’s control. Misfortune should not disturb the individual at all, and should not be perceived negatively.

A Hero of Our Time by Mikhail Lermontov was published in 1840. Set in the Russian Caucasus in the 1830s, the novel relates a series of adventures by the military officer Pechorin during his travels in the Caucasus. He kidnaps the daughter of a Circassian tribesman, becomes entangled with a group of smugglers, and tries to win the affection of a Muscovite princess while having on an affair with his former lover Vera.

In What's Wrong With the World, G.K. Chesterton discusses big business, education, government, feminism, and more. The work draws on thousands of essays Chesterton contributed to newspapers and periodicals over his lifetime. Eloquently opposing materialism, hypocrisy, and snobbery, Chesterton was a steadfast champion of family, faith, and the working man. The work includes a discussion of humankind and its nature, the power of spirituality and the consequences of increasing secularism in the modern world, and the role of education in shaping the young to fit into the society.

"What The Moon Brings" takes place in a surreal dreamscape. The narrator strolls through his garden at night and sees strange things in the moonlight. He comes to a stream which turns into a river and brings him to a sea. What he sees then, makes him plunge into the water to escape it, even at the cost of his life.

God Sees the Truth, but Waits (1872) is the story of a man falsely convicted and imprisoned in Siberia for a murder he did not commit. Tolstoy explores themes of forgiveness, faith, and guilt in this narrative, which inspired a novella by Stephen King and the film The Shawshank Redemption.

Edwin Lefevre was a stockbroker and an independent investor, as well as a novelist and writer of short stories. This lightly fictionalized account of the career of stock speculator Jesse Livermore was first published in 1923. Now, nearly 100 years later, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator remains highly recommended for an understanding of investment. Lefevre’s trading advice and analyses of market price movements are as relevant today as in 1923.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. 4 BC-AD 65), also known as Seneca the Younger, was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist from the Silver Age of Latin literature. This edition of Seneca's Epistles includes all 124 of the letters in a single volume, with explanatory notes, an appendix, and an index of the names occurring in the text. The letters were written by Seneca during his retirement and sent to his friend Lucilius Junior, a procurator of Sicily.

Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms is one of the defining American novels of the twentieth century. Set against the Italian front during the First World War, the story follows Frederic Henry, an American ambulance driver serving with the Italian army, and Catherine Barkley, the English nurse with whom he falls deeply in love. Around them, war becomes less a matter of glory than of confusion, exhaustion, retreat, and loss.

A mysterious work by the physician and mystic Paracelsus. This is a recipe for creating something which is never clearly identified, and might be the philosopher’s stone or its equivalent. Much of the cryptic language seems to be veiled references to scientific principles. The substances involved are metals and minerals, and the text contains many astrological references.